Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Volume 15(1); June 1998

Reviews

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome.: J H Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):1-11. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.1

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Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy.: H S Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):12-17. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.12

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The Diagnosis of Maxillo-Facial Disharmony and Orthognathic Surgery.: B R Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):18-28. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.18

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Original Articles

Effect of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia on Cardiac Muscle Glycogen Usage during Exercise in Rats.: Suck Kang Lee, Eun Jung Kim, Yong Woon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):29-35. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.29

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Rats were studied during 45 minutes treadmill exercise to determine the effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on the utilization of cardiac muscle glycogen, and the utilization of diaphragm muscle glycogen was also studied for comparing to cardiac muscle. The hyperglycemia was produced by ingestion of 25% glucose solution(1ml/100gm, BW) and the hyperlipidemia by 10% intralipose ingestion(1ml/100gm, BW) with intraperitoneal injection of heparin(500 IU) 15 minutes before treadmill exercise. The mean blood glucose concentrations(mg/dL) in control and hyperglycemic rats were 110 and 145, respectively, and the mean plasma free fatty acid concentrations(micronEq/L) in control, control exercise(control-E) and hyperlipidemia exercise(HL-E) rats were 247, 260 and 444, respectively. In the hyperglycemic trial, the cardiac muscle glycogen concentration was not significantly decreased by the exercise but the concentration in control rats was decreased to 73.9%(p<0.05). The glycogen concentration of diaphragm was significantly decreased in both groups by the exercise, but the hyperglycemia decreased the glycogen utilization by approximately 10% compared to the control. The cardiac muscle glycogen concentration was not decreased by the exercise in control and hyperlipidemic rats but the utilization of glycogen in hyperlipidemic rats is lower than that of the control. These data illustrate the sparing effect of hyperglycemia on cardiac muscle glycogen usage during exercise, but the effect of hyperlipidemia was not conclusive. In the skeletal muscle, the usage of glycogen by exercise was spared by both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Blood components, Antioxidant enzymes and Reactive Oxygen in Hyperlipidemic Rats
Byeong-Ok Jung, Sang-Hun Jang, Hyun-Soo Bang
Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2013; 8(1): 71. CrossRef

A Clinicopathological Study of Solid and Papillary Neoplasm of Pancreas.: Joon Hyuk Choi, Mi Jin Gu, Hong Jin Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):36-46. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.36

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Abstract PDF: Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas is a rare tumor, usually affecting young women, and its histogenesis is still controversial. This study was performed to define the clinicopathologic features and cellular origin of this tumor. Eight female cases of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas were studied by analyzing the clinicopathologic findings and immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic findings. The age of eight cases ranged from 21 to 54 years (mean, 34 years). The tumors developed in the tail (4 cases), body-tail (2 cases), body (1 case) and head (1 case). The mean diameter of tumors was 9.3 cm (range, 5.5 to 13 cm). Tumors showed solid, cystic and hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, the tumor cells were uniformly round or polygonal in shape, and formed solid sheets and papillary pattern. On the immunohistochemical stain, 8 cases (100%) were immunoreactive for alpha1-antitrypsin, 7 cases (87.5%) for cytokeratin, 7 cases (87.5%) for progesterone receptor, 6 cases (75%) for vimentin, and 1 case (12.5%) for synaptophysin, respectively. None of them were immunoreactive for estrogen receptor. Electron microscopic examination showed many mitochondria, annulate lamellae and canaliculi-like gap. These findings suggest that solid and papillary epithelial tumor of pancreas possibly originates from totipotential stem cells.

The effect of interleukin-10 on KC gene expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages.: Hee Sun Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):47-54. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.47

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Abstract PDF: Interleukin-10(IL-10) inhibits production of a wide range of cytokines in various cell types and transcriptionally inhibits lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators. Cytokine expression by macrophages is an important aspect to ochestrate inflammatory responses. As an approach to identify mechanistic targets of IL-10, it was examined the time course for expression of KC(murine homologue of Gro) gene in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS with or without IL-10. The effect of IL-10 on LPS induced KC mRNA expression was delayed and only seen after 1 hour treatment. Pretreatment with IL-10 did not eliminate the delayed inhibitory response nor increase the magnitude of suppression. These effects did not depend upon time of IL-10 treatment but the time of LPS treatment. LPS-induced KC mRNA expression by inhibitoy action of IL-10 was not controlled at the level of transcription. The result indicates that IL-10 acts late in the process of KC gene expression and that the prominant site of action may be mRNA stability or translation.

The Supressive Effects of Integrin Antibodies on the Infection of Hantaan Virus in Fibroblasts.: Ho Sun Park, Ki Duk Kim, Sung Kwang Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):55-66. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.55

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Abstract PDF: Pathophysiological mechanism of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is not fully understood. Major clinical findings of HFRS patients are widespread hemorrhage, acute renal failure and shock. Basic lesion is vascular injury with microvascular hemorrhage and relatively little inflammation. According to autopsy findings, renal medulla shows focal hemorrhage, tubular necrosis and interstitial mononuclear infiltrates. The predominant cell type in the renal and pulmonary interstitium is a fibroblast and it participates in the healing process at the injury site by secreting a large amount of extracellular matrix proteins. Cultured human lung fibroblasts and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts were known to be good host cells for the hantaan virus. It is possible that not only the endothelial cell but also the fibroblast is a target of Hantaan virus and the fibroblast might be involved in the pathogenesis and the healing process in HFRS. Integrins are adhesion molecules, and act as receptors for many extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, there are many reports that cell surface integrins influence on some viral infections or reversely viruses influence on the expression of integrins. The alpha5beta1 integrin is a major receptor for the fibronectin which is an important extracellular matrix protein secreted by fibroblasts. In this study, the role of alpha5beta1 integrin in the infection of Hantaan virus was examined by using anti-alpha5beta1 integrin, anti-alpha5 integrin and anti-beta1 integrin antibodies in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts(MGF). The treatment of anti-alpha5beta1 integrin antibody in CEF reduced the virion titers 26.8% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein 32.6% when compared with control CEF. When MGF were treated with anti-alpha5, anti-beta1 and anti-alpha5beta1 integrin antibodies, virion titers were reduced by 26.5%, 29.4% and 28.7% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein were reduced by 65.2%, 59.7% and 72.6%. These results suggested that alpha5beta1 integrin might act as a receptor for the Hantaan virus or blocking of alpha5beta1 integrin influences on the viral replication in CEF and MGF. It is also possible that the blocking of only one subunit of integrin represents similar results in that of whole molecule.

Clinical Study of Congenital Duodenal Obstruction.: Young Soo Huh, Myeung Kook Lim, Sung Kyu Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):67-74. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.67

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Abstract PDF: Successful management of duodenal obstruction in newborn infant implies not only satisfactory nutrition but also achivement of normal growth. To aid early diagnosis and management, we evaluated the diagnostic methods, operative interventions and clinical characteristics of thirty-nine infants with congenital duodenal obstructions. In the 11-year period from July 1986 through June 1997, thirty-nine patients with congenital duodenal obstruction (23 males and 16 females) were treated and reviewed at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital. The ratio of male to female was 1.4:1, and 29 cases(74.1%) among total 39 patients were newborn. There were 5 premature patients and 16 patients of small for gestational age. The most common causes of the congenital duodenal obstruction was malrotation (26 cases, 66.7%) and followed by annular pancreas (9 cases, 23.1%), type 1 atresia (3 cases, 7.7%) and wind-sock anomaly (1 case, 2.6%). Common symptoms were vomiting, abdominal distention, jaundice. Plain abdominal X-ray study combined with upper gastrointestinal series was the most commonly used diagnostic method. The operative procedures were performed by same pediatric surgeon utilizing Ladd's procedure in 26, duodenoduodenostomy in 8, duodenojejunostomy in 4, excision of wind-sock membrane in 1. A total of 15 associated congenital anomalies were found in 9 patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 (33.3%). Overall mortality was 2.6%(1/39). Bilious vomiting and plain abdominal radiologic study were most useful for the diagnosis of congenital duodenal obstruction. Early diagnosis and operative intervention were important to prevent complications such as sepsis and peritonitis.

Localization of Sensory Neurons Innervating the Rat Intestine Using the Cholera Toxin B Subunit(CTB) and Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase(WGA-HRP).: Dong Hyup Lee, Chang Hyun Lee, Moo Sam Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):75-96. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.75

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Abstract PDF: The local arrangement of sensory nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers in the brain stem, spinal ganglia and nodose ganglia were observed following injection of cholera toxin B subunit(CTB) and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase(WGA-HRP) into the rat intestine. The tracers were injected in the stomach(anterior and posterior portion), duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon or descending colon. After survival times of 48-96 hours, the rats were perfused and their brain, spinal and nodose ganglia were frozen sectioned(40microM). These sectiones were stained by CTB immunohistochemical and HRP histochemical staining methods and observed by dark and light microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. WGA-HRP labeled afferent terminal fields in the brain stem were seen in the stomach and cecum, and CTB labeled afferent terminal fields in the brain stem were seen in all parts of the intestine. 2. Afferent terminal fields innervating the intestine were heavily labeled bilaterally gelalinous part of nucleus of tractus solitarius(gelNTS), dorsomedial part of gelNTS, commissural part of NTS(comNTS), medial part of NTS(medNTS), wall of the fourth ventricle, ventral border of area postrema and comNTS in midline dorsal to the central canal. 3. WGA-HRP labeled sensory neurons were observed bilaterally within the spinal ganglia, and labeled sensory neurons innervating the stomach were observed in spinal ganglia T2-L1 and the most numerous in spinal ganglia T8-9. 4. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the duodenum were observed in spinal ganglia T6-L2 and labeled cell number were fewer than the other parts of the intestines. 5. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the jejunum were observed in spinal ganglia T6-L2 and the most numerous area in the spinal ganglia were T12 in left and T13 in right. 6. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the ileum were observed in spinal ganglia T6-L2 and the most numerous area in the spinal ganglia were T11 in left and L1 in right. 7. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the cecum were observed in spinal ganglia T7-L2 and the most numerous area in the spinal ganglia were T11 in left and T11-12 in right. 8. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the ascending colon were observed in spinal ganglia T7-L2 in left, and T9-L4 in right. The most numerous area in the spinal ganglia were T9 in left and T11 in right. 9. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the descending colon were observed in spinal ganglia T9-L2 in left, and T6-L2 in right. The most numerous area in the spinal ganglia were T13 in left and L1 in right. 10. WGA-HRP labeled sensory neurons were observed bilaterally within the nodose ganglia, and the most numerous labeled sensory neurons innervating the abdominal organs were observed in the stomach. 11. The number of labeled sensory neurons within the nodose ganglia innervating small and large intestines were fewer than that of labeled sensory neurons innervating stomach These results indicated that area of sensory neurons innervated all parts of intestines were bilaterally gelatinous part of nucleus tractus solitarius(gelNTS), dorsomedial part of gelNTS, commissural part of NTS(comNTS), medial part of NTS, wall of the fourth ventricle, ventral border of area postrema and com NTS in midline dorsal to the central canal within brain stem, spinal ganglia T2-L4, and nodose ganglia. Labeled sensory neurons innervating the intestines except the stomach were observed in spinal ganglia T6-L4. The most labeled sensory neurons from the small intestine to large intestine came from middle thoracic spinal ganglia to upper lumbar spinal ganglia.

Changes of Blood Gases, Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations and Hemodynamic Data in Anesthetized Dogs during Graded Hypoxia Induced by Nitrous Oxide.: Sae Yeon Kim, Sun Ok Song, Jung In Bae, Jae Kyu Cheun, Jae Hoon Bae; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):97-113. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.97

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Abstract PDF: The sympathoadrenal system plays an important role in homeostasis in widely varing external environments. Conflicting findings, however, have been reported on its response to hypoxia. We investigated the effect of hypoxia an the sympathoadrenal system in dogs under halothane anesthesia by measuring levels of circulating catecholamines in response to graded hypoxia. Ten healthy mongreal dogs were mechanically ventilated with different hypoxic gas mixtures. Graded hypoxia and reoxygenation were induced by progressively decreasing the oxygen fraction in the inhalation gas mixture from 21%(control) to 15%, 10% and 5% at every 5 minutes, and then reoxygenated with 60% oxygen. Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were measured directly using pressure transducers. Cardiac output was measured by the thermodilutional method. For analysis of blood gas, saturation and content, arterial and mixed venous blood were sampled via the femoral and pulmonary artery at the end of each hypoxic condition. The concentration of plasma catecholamines was determined by radioenzymatic assay. According to the exposure of graded hypoxia, not only did arterial and mixed venous oxygen tension decreased markedly at 10% and 5% oxygen, but also arterial and mixed venous oxygen saturation decreased significantly. An increased trend of the oxygen extraction ratio was seen during graded hypoxia. Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were unchanged or increased slightly. Pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR) were increased by 55%, 76% in 10% oxygen and by 82%, 95% in 5% oxygen, respectively(p<0.01). The concentrations of plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine increased by 75%, 29%, 24% in 15% oxygen and by 382%, 350%, 49% in 5% oxygen. These data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system was activated to maintain homeostasis by modifying blood flow distribution to improve oxygen delivery to tissues by hypoxia, but hemodynamic changes might be blunted by high concentration of nitrous oxide except PAP and PVR. It would be suggested that hemodynamic changes might not be sensitive index during hypoxia induced by high concentration of nitrous oxide exposure.

Radiologic Findings of Uncommon Breast Cancer.: Jae Woon Kim, Jae Hong An, Mi Soo Hwang, Jae Kyo Lee, Woo Mok Byun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):114-124. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.114

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Abstract PDF: We analyzed the mammographic (n=21) findings (location, margin, shape, cluster microcalcifications, size, multiplicity) and ultrasonographic (n=12) findings (shape, border, internal echo, boundary echo, posterior echo, lateral echo, width/depth ratio) to evaluate specific radiologic findings of histopathologically proved uncommon breast cancer. The mammographic findings (n=21) are as follow; 1) single; 16, multiple; 5 2) margin (smooth; 13, irregular; 4, spiculated; 4) 3) shape (round and ovoid; 9, lobulated; 8, irregular; 4) 4) cluster microcalcifications (abscent; 20, present; 1) 5) size (1-3cm; 18, 3-5cm; 2, 5cm> ; 1) 6) location (UOQ; 13, UIQ; 4, LIQ; 3, LOQ; 1). The ultrasonographic findings (n=12) are as follow; 1) shape (round to oval; 5, lobulated; 5, irregular; 2) 2) border (smooth even; 9, rough uneven; 3) 3) internal echo (fine homogeneous; 5, coarse heterogeneous; 7) 4) boundary echo (regular fine; 4, irregular thick; 8) 5) posterior echo (enhanced; 11, no change; 1) 6) lateral echo (marked; 7, nonexistent; 5) 7) width/depth ratio (1.5> 1, 1.0-1.5; 7, 1.0< ; 4). Uncommon breast cancer show benign nature on mammogram, but malignant nature on ultrasonogram (especially boundary echo, internal echo, width/depth ratio)

Comparison of Usefulness of Laboratory Tests in Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis.: Seung Kwon Park, Hyun Cheol Do, Min Jung Kim, Seung Yeop Lee, Mee Yeoung Park, Jung Sang Hah, Wook Nyeun Kim, Jun Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):125-134. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.125

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Tensilon test, repetitive nerve stimulation test(RNST), single fiber EMG(SFEMG) test and acetylcholine receptor antibody(AchR Ab) assay for making diagnosis of myasthenia gravis(MG). METHOD: These tests were performed in 21 MG patients which were classified into 11 ocular, 5 mild generalized, 4 moderate generalized, and 1 chronic severe MG. RESULT: The overall positivity of Tensilon test, SFEMG and AchR Ab was 95%, 87%, and 76% respectively. The overall positivity of RNST was 67%; 38% on flexor carpi ulnaris, 43% on adductor digiti quinti and 62% on orbicularis oculi muscles. The positivity of each test was higher in generalized MG group than in ocular MG group. But we could observe the statistically significant difference only in the RNST(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tensilon test showed the highest positivity in all MG groups. So we would like to recommend the Tensilon test for the diagnosis of MG at first, followed by RNST and AchR Ab assay, and SFEMG would be indicated to MG group which showed relatively low postivity in other tests.

Maternal Weight Gain Pattern and Birth Weight.: Mok Jin Kim, Ho Yeol Lee, Young Gi Lee, Yoon Ki Park, Doo Jin Lee, Sung Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):135-142. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.135

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Maternal weight gain during pregnancy has been consistently associated with infant birth weight and pregnancy outcome. Our purpose was to determined the relationship between maternal weight gain pattern and birth weight. Consequently, maternal weight gain is monitored carefully and is encouraged during prenatal care in order to improve pregnancy outcome. Our study group included both 424 uncomplicated women and infant delivered at the Yeungnam University Hospital between 1993-1996. All recorded prenatal weight gain measurements were used to estimate maternal trimester weight gain, pattern of gain (based on low versus not-low gain at each trimester), and total gain at delivery. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between these weight gain measurements and fetal birth weight. Each kilogram of maternal gain in the first, second, and third trimesters was associatedwith statistically related to the increase in fatal birth weight by 31.3, 19.0, and 24.5g, respectively. When compaired with the pattern of gain that was not low in any trimester, patterns with low gain in the first trimesters were associated with significant decreases in birth weight, but no important change in birth weight was seen for the group whose gains were not low in the first trimester. The results suggest that specific patterns of maternal weight gain, particularly weight gain during the first trimester, are related to fetal birth weight.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of Yoga during Pregnancy on Weight Gain, Delivery Experience and Infant's Birth Weight
Eun Sun Ji, Kyoul Ja Cho, Hyun Jeong Kwon
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2009; 15(2): 121. CrossRef

Comparison of Three Third-generation Anti-HCV Enzyme Immunoassay Tests.: Hee Soon Cho, Jin Young Moon, Chae Hoon Lee, Kyung Dong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):143-150. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.143

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to evaluate domestic enzyme immunoassay(EIA) kit ?LG HCD 3.0?(LG) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV) in comparision with Axsym HCV version 3.0(Axsym), Cobas Core anti-HCV EIA(Cobas). Cobas kit shows better clear distinction between positive and negative by signal/cutoff ratio(S/C), but it also reveal relatively high false positive rate. The concordance rate of test results between LG and Axsym was 96.2%, between LG and Cobas was 95.5%, and total agreement between three EIA kit was 93.9%. LG were relative poor distinction between positive and negative results, but it could be applied clinically as a screening tool for hepatitis C in general population. The S/C of one false negative result by LG was 0.91, and false positive were less than 4.0, therefore we concluded it is necessary to confirm by immunoblotting assay when S/C were between 0.8 and 4.0.

Correlation of Posterior Echo Patterns and Histopathologic Features in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.: Jong O Choi, Hyun Cheol Cho, Mi Soo Hwang, Bik Hwan Park, Dong Sug Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(1):151-158. Published online June 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.1.151

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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